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The Structural Engineer, Volume 76, Issue 15, 1998
Micropiles were fiist introduced into Malaysia in the late 1970s by French contractors to support to a new RC framed structure constructed inside a 100-year-old building supported by masonry spread foundations that were in turn supported by bakau timber piles. Since then, the development and application of micropiles have progressed by leaps and bounds. The first piles were 150mm in dimeter but rapid development in the last 2 decades has resulted in the present generation of piles of up to 300mm in diameter. The piles are presently applied in underpinning work as well as new foundations. Chan & Ting presented a state-of-the-art report. This paper seeks to highlight the main features of the piles. W.H. Ting and L.Y. Tai
On 1 May 1998 Part II of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996, better known as the Construction Act, finally came into force. Some 4 years after publication of the Latham Report Constructing the team the Construction Act is intended to address a range of problems which have bedevilled the industry for years. Not all of Sir Michael’s proposals have been adopted, but those that have include: - the abolition of ‘pay when paid’ clauses - the compulsory notification of an intention to set-off -the right to interim or periodic payment for work executed under construction contracts, which will generally include consultants’ appointments adjudication - the right to refer any dispute to Each of these areas is worth Andrew Rawstron
Usually, structures are considered to be elastic at the serviceability limit state. Evidence collected from previously reported large-scale experiments, supplemented by analysis, is used to show that plasticity can sometimes be developed in composite beams before the beam deflection reaches the serviceability Code limit. This phenomenon does not accord with the traditional concept of the serviceability limit state, for which elastic behaviour is assumed and elastic analysis methods are adopted in design Codes when predicting deflections. In order to limit plasticity at serviceability, tighter limitations on beam span/deflection ratios are required. The derivation of such limitations is presented herein. The beam span/deflection ratio corresponding to first yield of the beam is shown to be dependent on the steel grade, neutral axis position, and beam spaddepth ratio. Ifa small degree of plasticity is allowed at serviceability, a multiplication factor is needed to adjust the deflection obtained from an elastic analysis so as to allow for the efect of plasticity. The derivation of the multiplication factor is also presented. Professor D.A. Nethercot, T.Q. Li and B. Ahmed