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The Structural Engineer, Volume 76, Issue 15, 1998
Micropiles were fiist introduced into Malaysia in the late 1970s by French contractors to support to a new RC framed structure constructed inside a 100-year-old building supported by masonry spread foundations that were in turn supported by bakau timber piles. Since then, the development and application of micropiles have progressed by leaps and bounds. The first piles were 150mm in dimeter but rapid development in the last 2 decades has resulted in the present generation of piles of up to 300mm in diameter. The piles are presently applied in underpinning work as well as new foundations. Chan & Ting presented a state-of-the-art report. This paper seeks to highlight the main features of the piles. W.H. Ting and L.Y. Tai
Adjudication The Housing Grants Act affects the professional indemnity insurance arrangements of those professional firms on whom it impacts. The response of the insurance market to date has been inconsistent, to say the least: many insurers are placing extremely onerous conditions on their policies which have to be complied with if cover is not to be prejudiced. Andrew Bowyer
Usually, structures are considered to be elastic at the serviceability limit state. Evidence collected from previously reported large-scale experiments, supplemented by analysis, is used to show that plasticity can sometimes be developed in composite beams before the beam deflection reaches the serviceability Code limit. This phenomenon does not accord with the traditional concept of the serviceability limit state, for which elastic behaviour is assumed and elastic analysis methods are adopted in design Codes when predicting deflections. In order to limit plasticity at serviceability, tighter limitations on beam span/deflection ratios are required. The derivation of such limitations is presented herein. The beam span/deflection ratio corresponding to first yield of the beam is shown to be dependent on the steel grade, neutral axis position, and beam spaddepth ratio. Ifa small degree of plasticity is allowed at serviceability, a multiplication factor is needed to adjust the deflection obtained from an elastic analysis so as to allow for the efect of plasticity. The derivation of the multiplication factor is also presented. Professor D.A. Nethercot, T.Q. Li and B. Ahmed