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The Structural Engineer

HISTORY is something more than the irrelevant repetition of events which have "gone through the formality of taking place;" it must have significance to the historian, and to his audience. Of all events which are worthy of record few can have greater interest for the engineer than the discoveries of Science, and the inventions of Technology, on which the activities by which he earns his daily bread are based; and yet how few engineers know whence the current practice of their profession is derived, or realize the epic struggles of their predecessors to achieve results which have become part of the commonplace routine of present-day design, manufacture or fabrication. S.B. Hamilton

The Structural Engineer

To the EDITOR of The Structural Engineer. SIR,--Professor Abrams has stated that with a given fineness modulus and water-cement ratio, the strengths of concrete produced from a widely varying range of aggregates will be the same.

The Structural Engineer

A British Advisory Committee has been formed to promote the interests of the International Association in this country. Professor Sir Thomas Hudson Beare is the British Vice-president, and a large number of eminent engineers in Great Britain have been elected to serve on this British Committee. The main activities of the latter are concentrated upon the part which will be taken by Great Britain at the Paris Congress in May, 1932. The two modes of construction, steel and reinforced concrete, are to be discussed at this Congress, and a preliminary scheme has been prepared by which certain themes will come under discussion. The following is a short summary of the themes which are to be dealt with at the Paris Congress :-

The Structural Engineer

Mr. Jackson added to the paper the following extract from the Kelvin Lecture of last year, delivered by Professor W. L. Bragg to the Institution of Electrical Engineers :-

The Structural Engineer

As Portland cement plays such an important part as one of the raw materials which the structural engineer employs in practically every type of building construction, a knowledge of the methods of its manufacture will not only be of interest to him, but necessary in order to appreciate the full use of this material in design. Hal Gutteridge

The Structural Engineer

Reinforced Concrete. I have read that reinforced concrete structures were built by the ancients; in Rome, evidences have been found of these, and some of them I have seen myself. I do know that reinforced concrete of a kind was used in many buildings in this country prior to 1909, although not in quite the same manner as it is now used. W.T. Creswell