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The Structural Engineer, Volume 74, Issue 6, 1996
The design of liquid-retaining structures in the UK has been governed by a series of Codes of Practice dating back to 1938. Outside the UK, practice varies. In the USA, Australia, and Hungary, there are specific Codes, whereas in some other countries there are documents which provide a design method, but which do not have the status of a Code of Practice. Now that the design of normal concrete structures is enshrined in Eurocode 2, and an additional section is being written to encompass containment structures, it seems appropriate to examine the variations in practice for the design of these somewhat specialised structures. This technical note is put forward in order that comparisons may be made, and in due course, a consensus for a Eurocode may be reached more easily. R.D. Anchor
In March 1995 new rules were introduced governing the specification of structural softwoods. The changes are designed to ensure that the moisture content of the timber is appropriate to the inservice conditions for which it is specified. The permitted stress grades are set out in BS 4978. The amendments to this standard require all structural softwood less than 1OOmm thick for internal applications such as roofs, floors and walls in housing and other buildings to be graded at a moisture content of 20% or less. The timber must bear a stress grade stamp indicating that it is DRY or KD (kiln dried). Softwood for use in high moisture environments (principally fully exposed outdoors) will be marked WET, indicating that it is not suitable for internal uses. M. Milner The importance of
A computer analysis is being developed whose objective is to predict the response of steel framed buildings to fire conditions. This is now capable of analysing 3-dimensional structures, including a representation of the restraint to thermal expansion provided by concrete floor slabs. The analysis has been used to model the first of the fire tests conducted on the full-scale eight-storey composite test frame at Cardington, which took place on 19 January 1995. In this test a 9m secondary composite beam was heated to steel temperatures in excess of 800°C. C.G. Bailey, I.W. Burgess and Professor R.J. Plank