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The Structural Engineer, Volume 11, Issue 10, 1933
The tendency towards standardisation, so marked to-day in all branches of engineering, can be usefully carried out only to a certain extent in structural engineering. In small structures, cost is saved if one is able to make use of standardised framework; butbeyond that, specialised design is an essential if efficiency is to be attained; and the larger the contract, the greater the need for the individual assessment of problems, and for seeking the most satisfactory solution. A. Frost
WHEN a beam is loaded in any manner, it is throughout its length subjected to bending and shearing stresses of varying magnitudes, and at any given section in the beam these two stresses give rise to combined stresses. In certain cases, where the bending and shearing stresses both reach their maximum values at the same section (cf., the fixed end of a cantilever), the combined stresses may attain values considerably higher than those due to pure bending and shear alone, and in a practical design an investigation should always be made to ensure that these combined stresses do not exceed the permissible values. F.H. Thomas
INFLUENCE lines can be best studied and understood by first considering a simple span having a single unit load travelling across it and noting the variation of stresses in all its members. D.Y. Hill