The Underpinning of Durham Castle

THROUGHOUT the Continent of Europe the use of metallic arc welding for steel structures is increasing apace. The quantity of work, embracing upwards of one hundred railway bridges, thirty highway bridges, twelve multi-storey buildings of six to twenty storeys, and some hundreds of factory buildings, is sufficiently impressive, but it is the range and variety of the applications which is most significant. A. Ramsay-Moon

Mr. Howard (President, British Section of the Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France) proposed, and Mr. W. T. Halcrow, M.Inst.C.E., seconded a vote of thanks Dr. Faber.

DEAR SIR,-The method of surveying railway bridges, described by Mr. W. P. S. Cockle in The Structural Engineer for September, 1934, records an interesting example of the projection of a point vertically, by the intersection of two vertical planes traced by a theodolite. The following is another example on a larger and more exacting scale: