The fire endurance of a variety of timber beams under a range of loading conditions has been measured when the beams were subjected to fire resistance tests,as defined in B.S. 476-1932. From observations of the rate of charring of the beams it was found that their fire endurance could be found from the following expression... D.I. Lawson, C.T. Webster and L.A. Ashton
In structural engineering many members are subjected to some torque, although this is only occasionally taken into account. The,exact determination of the torsional properties of structural sections is thought to be too complicated for the design office although empirical expressions have been used. For design purposes the torsiond properties required are (a) the stiffness of the member, and (b) the torque to produce specified stress conditions. W.B. Dobie