Issue 5

Computer simulated tests on axially loaded, pin ended, welded steel columns are reported. The tests took account of strain-hardening, initial lack of straightness and a variety of residual stress distributions and magnitudes. Design curves for light to medium column sections are suggested. B.W. Young and K.W. Robinson

Having recently carried out two years' research in a similar field, I read the above report with interest, and would like to make the following comments. R.E. Brand

Lt.-Col. N. D. Clifford, MBE, RE: As a mere military engineer I shudder at the thought of trying to make any technical points in front of such an august audience. I would, however, like to make one or two philosophical points.

The test results of twelve reinforced concrete beams subjected to sustained torsional moments for periods of up to two years are reported. The average rotation after one year was over five times the rotation due to the initial application of the load. The effect on the long term torsional rotation of different intensities of sustained torque and of different link spacing is discussed. C.D. Goode

An article by Gerda Cohen in a recent issue of New Statesman discusses the effects on the environment of today's insatiable demand for aggregates; in particular the gigantic encroachment on the limestone areas to meet the demands of the steel and glass industries and for road construction. Her solution for the last is to substitute the vast quantities of spoil in the tips 'which deface South Wales and the Midlands'. Miss Cohen thinks that 'because civil engineers have always shown reluctance in exploiting unorthodox material, the Verney Committee has encouraged research into the potential of colliery waste'. Verulam