Grillage Analysis Applied to Cellular Bridge Decks

Our thanks to Mr. A. H. Jenkins (F) who has enlightened us about Paxton's source of inspiration (May 75) : : The water lily was at Chatsworth, not Kew. George F. Chadwick in Works of Sir Joseph Paxton gives the reference as Royal Society of Arts, Transactions, Vol. LVII, 1850-51. The idea had been developed before in connection with the Chatsworth Lily House detailing. Verulam

A braced core may be defined as a particular form of bracing a steel skeleton in which the members, designed specifically for carrying the forces and moments due to lateral loads, are confined to within the core area of the building. A study is made in this paper of the behaviour of such a braced core subjected to torsional loads. B.S. Taranath

Conversion Measurements of the degree of conversion of the concrete in existing buildings indicate that most concrete has reached a high level of conversion in a few years. The results of crushing tests on highly converted concrete specimens cut from beams also indicate that strength is very variable and that some concrete suffers substantial losses of strength with respect to the strength at one day on which the design was usually based. In the appraisal of buildings therefore it is advisable to assume that all concrete has reached or will reach, during its expected life, a high level of conversion, nevertheless, in the majority of constructions the loss of strength is not sufficient to endanger the structure.