A description of the development of an interactive computer program to design and detail reinforced concrete structures is given. The program provides facilities that enable complete reinforcement details to be generated in situations in which details cannot at present be completed by automatic programs. An example of the use of the program is included. The work forms part of a continuing research project, and future developments are outlined. P. Mills and D.M. Brotton
The stresses which in theory can occur in a simply supported structure owing to temperature distributions are, as demonstrated by the author, significant in terms of the total load effects. However, since the stresses are caused by the self-restraint of the section, it would seem logical to expect some reduction of stress with the onset of cracking, whether caused by the effects of the temperature distribution itself or by external loading. The method by which allowance for cracking should be included in the temperature stress calculations is not clear, although the technique adopted would seem to be a logical approach. Indeed, if the stresses obtained (Fig 5(h)) are compared with those calculated assuming an uncracked section, there is a reduction in the top surface compressive stress of about 13% using the cracked section. However, if the stresses calculated at a depth of 360 mm using the two methods are compared, it can be shown that using an uncracked section results in a tensile stress of 0.6 N/mm2 compared to 1.1 N/mm2 for the cracked section. It would seem that there is a need for further research in this area. I.G. White
Mr. T. A. G. Raikes (M) (Ove Arup Resident Engineer): We thought it would be useful to start the discussion by saying something of how the diaphragm wall construction worked out in practice, particularly in relation to the use of T-shaped and Ushaped panels.
To be invited to give this Lecture is a great honour. Look at the list of my predecessors-alarmingly distinguished. Sir Anthony Part
A requirement to check the widths of load-induced cracks is now a feature of current British Codes for structural concrete. However, the theoretical background to the procedures given in the Codes has not been published in a readily available and reasonably condensed form. This paper attempts to rectify this situation by presenting the derivation of a theory for the prediction of cracking in hardened concrete. This theory is shown to be a logical development of earlier theories, and is based on the extensive research program carried out at the Cement and Concrete Association over the last 14 years. The theory forms the basis of many Code crack prediction equations, and the derivation of these is discussed. A.W. Beeby
Local authority responsibility A structural engineer employed by a local authority once again raises the issue of where the responsibility should lie if structural defects arise in a building. He writes: I am concerned athe almost standard procedure which now seems to be accepted in respect of the submission of structural designs and calculations for Building Regulations approvals. It seems to me most unfortunate, and certainly not in the best interests of the profession or of the general public, that the present assumption of responsibility on the part of district local authorities for any structural building defect should continue. Verulam