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The Structural Engineer

Dr. M. A. Abdul-Salam (Damascus University, Syria) The paper describes carefully designed experiments on low levels of connection, gives the major results, and points out the major conclusions. Few hints are necessary to help in understanding the experimental results. Besides, a comparison with earlier experimental work might be useful in drawing conclusions to be used in the new draft Code’s methods of design. Verulam

The Structural Engineer

So-called ‘details’ are as important for a structure’s behaviour and safety as the standard problems of design which are covered in the Codes. A unified design concept which covers also the details consistently for all types of concrete structure is described in this paper. It is based on strut-and-tie models, including the truss model for beams as a special case. After the principles of the method and the modelling process are explained, simpllfled rules are proposed for dimensioning all the individual members of the model and their nodes. Some examples show the application of the method and demonstrate, also, its use for the improvement of the conceptual design of details. J. Schlaich, Professor Dr. Ing. and K. Schäfer, Professor Dr. Ing.

The Structural Engineer

The paper describes tests carried out on tall cantilever retaining walls of post- tensioned brick diaphragm wall construction. The results show that such walls have very high resistance to lateral loading and thus offer the designer an alternative solution. W.G. Curtin and J. Howard

The Structural Engineer

Flatness and tolerances in HSFG bolted connections Mr J. Renshaw of Sale, Cheshire, raises the question of tolerances in HSFG bolted connections within the context of overall construction tolerances for steel frames: Questions have arisen recently relating to the fit of welded endplates when employing high strength friction grip bolts to develop fixed ended joints. The questions are, what are the flatness tolerances for the endplate and what is the maximum gap which can be tolerated between the contact surfaces? Each of these questions, taken at face value, seems very innocent and simple to answer but, when given some thought, they are not as innocuous and simple as one might think. Verulam