Ice loads on the piers of Confederation Bridge, Canada

Probably no topic has generated more discussion in recent years among members of the Institution than Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Verulam has recorded a continuous debate, with a whole variety of views being expressed. Brian Clancy

Education of Engineers Francis Beale has written from South Croydon: In his Presidential Address Dr Roberts states that SARTOR will apply to future engineers from this country, which means they will have to obtain a MEng, with 4 years’ study required on top of obtaining a high quality in ‘A’levels.

As part of a recent research project, one of the aims of which was to study the effects of repeated loading in masonry arch bridges, a series of eight model structures were tested to destruction. Prior to the testing, an analytical study of the scale effects involved in the modelling of masonry arch bridges was carried out. The results of this study showed that it is possible to accurately predict the capacity of large-scale structures using small-scale model tests. However, accurate modelling of deflection behaviour was not possible. Taking into account the expense of conducting full-size tests of structures such as masonry arches, the question arises as to whether sufficient information can be obtained from the results of small-scale testing. V. Hogg and B.S. Choo