Physical models: Their historical and current use in civil and building engineering design

This article considers the implications of adopting a carbon-driven design approach – with the express intent of limiting the embodied carbon of the structure.

Some form of approximate analysis remains essential for both the conceptual design of structures and verification of final (computer) analysis. This text presents simple approaches to the approximate analysis of two-dimensional skeletal structures.

This month's letters discuss design responsibilities, knowledge sharing, and the value of grammar in communicating clearly.