THE CHAIRMAN, Major F. M. Du-Plat-Taylor, said hc noticed that the paper was roughly divided into two sections, one dealing with piles and the other with the building. The piling was an extremely interesting system. Of course, there had been many systems of
tubular piling of that sort, by which the concrete was poured through a tube which had been previously driven, but some of the systems which had hitherto been in use had not, in his opinion, been very satisfactory. Many years ago he drove a large number of
piles on a tubular system; the tube was merely withdrawn after it had been filled with concrete, and they had some very disquieting results after the piles had been driven. In one case, although the piles had been well driven into the ballast, about 60 ft., some of them subsided 15 inches without any particular load. That led them to strip one of the piles and examine it, and they found that there was a distinct "waist" in one or two places where the soil had compressed the concrete, so that instead of there being a 15-inch pile there was only about six inches of concrete at that particular point. Another difficulty that they had was maintaining of the reinforcement in position. In some of the piles the reinforcement, which should have been central, had become displaced; sometimes on one side it was touching the surface, on the other side there were four or five inches of cover. To overcome that difficulty they had to adopt various methods. They had spreaders which touched the inside of the tube and maintained the reinforcement central. That was, of course, objectionable, because when the tube was withdrawn the spreaders were left sticking into the ground, so that there was a connection of metal between the steel and the surrounding soil. The system of pouring the concrete without ramming it had now been entirely superseded by the system which Mr. McCarthy had described, which overcame the whole of the objections to the previous systems. It was a very speedy method, and the ridges formed on the cutside of the pile probably contributed to the frictional resistance. He could confirm what the lecturer had said regarding noise, because his office almost overlooked the St. James’ Park site, and he noticed the extraordinary difference when the silencers were adopted. He would like to ask Mr. McCarthy whether any special method had to be adopted to maintain the reinforcement central, and whether any difficulty was experenced with the reinforcement moving to one side or other of the pile. The second part of the paper, dealing with the building, was particularly interesting on account of the great rapidity with which it was erected. He mas sorry that Mr. McCarthy had said nothing about the statuary. It was a very striking building for one particular reason-the cruciform plan. The cruciform plan had been adopted pre viously in prisons, in order that a warder standing in the middle of the cross could see the corridors in all directions. It had also