The Department of Civil & Structural Engineering at Nottingham Trent University is unique in offering courses at both undergraduate and HND levels in engineering surveying as well as a full range of incorporated engineer (HNC and HND) and professional (sandwich and part-time degree) courses in civil engineering. A HND in Civil Engineering Quantity Surveying is also provided. Thus, while, for the purposes of this article, it has been convenient to concentrate on the structural activities related to the civil engineering undergraduate.course, the range of courses offered means that the intake to the civil engineering degree (around 60 students each year) represents only about a quarter of the total annual intake. D. Johnson
This paper presents approximate formulae that may be used to determine the effective length of steel columns designed to BS 5950. These formulae give the designer an alternative to the graphical method given in Appendix E of the Code. The approximate formulae are normally accurate to better than the second decimal place. This approach follows the development of simple computer routines for incorporation into column and frame design programs. A.G. Smyrell
The Rules of Conduct were approved by the Council of the Institution on 29 June 1972, in accordance with the terms of the Charter and of Bye-Law 85.
The introduction of self-certification in Scotland should be welcomed by structural engineers, but initial reaction varies from satisfaction to hostility - the latter, I believe, based on fear of added responsibility without adequate recompense. T.J. Bell
Circular piles are used extensively, either individually or in groups, in the foundations of buildings, bridges, and other structures. In addition, they are used in the form of secant piling to form diaphragm walls. In many situations, they are subjected to a lateral load, particularly when being used as a retaining wall, and hence a horizontal shear is applied to the crosssection. Similarly, circular columns are used fairly frequently for bridge piers. They have to be designed for a lateral load due to impact or the effect of vehicle braking on the bridge. J.L. Clarke and F.K. Birjandi