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The Structural Engineer, Volume 79, Issue 6, 2001
As the dynamic response of structures to dance-type loads is an increasingly important design issue, the frequency range of dance-type loads becomes an important consideration. It has been observed at a number of pop concerts that structural response to dance-type loads is at the beat frequency of the music and at an integer multiple of the beat frequency. Therefore, it is suggested that the frequencies of dance-type loads can be evaluated fmm the beat frequencies of music. Samples of 210 songs have been analysed, covering music fmm the 1960s to 199Os, including dance, indie, pop and rock music. The frequency range and distribution of these songs are given. The results show that 96.2% of the songs analysed fill into the range fmm 1.OHz to 2.8Hz and that there has been a linear increase of about 0.12Hz in the average frequencies of modern music from one decade to the next. Jumping tests have been conducted following music beats, and the frequency ranges for coordinated dance-type loads for individuals, for small groups (aerobics), and large groups ( pop concerts), are provided. The implementation of the results in design is also discussed. D. Ginty, J.M. Derwent and T. Ji
The Government of Orissa (GOO), India, has been constructing health-care infrastructure in collaboration with the UK Department For International Development (DFID), under the Basic Programme. The commonly used building materials in such construction works are laterite and brick, which have a detrimental effect on the environment. Hence, Go0 and DFID decided to try out alternatives to these materials. Peu B. Das and P.K. Das
Building Control Bodies are responsible for examining plans submitted by applicants and judging whether the construction of a building could comply with various Parts of Schedule 1 of Building Regulations. For demonstrating compliance with Part A (structural safety), applications include structural calculations and drawings. For small projects, structural drawings, sketches and calculations are presented with some wide degree of variation concerning their clarity and effectiveness in demonstrating adequacy of the design. Some issues arising from checking such work are discussed below, including a case for practical guidance aimed at improving the standard of submissions. Satish Desai