Material properties: effect on deflection, rotation and vibration – Part 1

This article examines the detailing that is particular to a concrete bridge. All details need to consider buildability, durability and maintainability, as well as safety and aesthetic issues.

Modern building services cost up to three times as much as the structural steelwork in a typical commercial building. Steel frame design needs to be considered in the context of the overall building cost, where early design decisions concerning structural layouts have a significant impact on the building services.

Cold-formed steel portal frames can be a viable alternative to conventional hot-rolled steel portal frames for light industrial, sports and agricultural buildings. This article describes a full-scale, natural fire test on a cold-formed steel portal frame building.