EEFIT Mission report: Kashmir, Pakistan

The report provides information concerning:

• The Kashmir earthquake
  • Damage in neighbouring countries
  • The social and economic significance of the Kashmir earthquake
  • Community vulnerability and resilience
     
• Seismology and seismic hazard
  • Regional tectonics structures
  • Seismicity
  • Fault location
  • Strong ground motion
  • Seismic hazard analysis and zoning in the region and in Pakistan
     
• Buildings
  • Unreinforced stone masonry buildings
  • Unreinforced concrete block masonry buildings
  • Unreinforced brick masonry buildings
  • Reinforced concrete framed buildings
     
• Building damage scale
   
• Building damage surveys in the earthquake affected region
   
• Performance of buildings
  • Residential buildings
  • Commercial buildings
  • Government buildings
  • Educational institutions
     
• Landslides and geotechnical aspects
  • Introduction to landslides and slope failures
  • Larger landslides and the regional ground displacement field
  • Intermediate and smaller landslides
  • Steep terrain and general aerial observation 
  • Undercut and slipped buildings 
  • Embankments and retaining walls 
  • Roads and road networks: retaining walls, buttresses, rockfalls and other landslides
  • Incipient and disrupted slides
     
• Other impacts and slope failures
  • Minor lifelines: waterpipes 
  • Agricultural terraces and livelihood 
     
• Lifelines 
  • Roads and bridges 
  • Water supply, electricity and telecommunications 
     
• Design codes and regulations
  • Summary of the Pakistan seismic code prescriptions
  • Discussion of the Pakistan seismic code zoning map 
  • Comparison of base shear prediction in Pakistan seismic code with Eurocode 8 and UBC 1997
     
• Socio-economic impact and recovery
  • Societal impact
  • Casualties 
  • Housing, health and education 
  • Economic impact
  • Emergency relief and recovery 
     
• Recommendations for earthquake risk reduction