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The Structural Engineer, Volume 58, Issue 15, 1980
A simple and convenient method using higher order finite elements is proposed for the non-planer analysis of laterally loaded spatial wall systems consisting of core and shear walls arranged arbitrarily in plan and interconnected by spandrel beams in a high-rise building. The formulation of the 3-dimensional stiffness matrix of the higher order plane stress rectangular elements and of the structural assembly, including the effects of the constraint of the spandrel beams and the torsion and warping of the walls, is presented. An open section non-planar coupled shear wall is analysed to demonstrate the accuracy and simplicity of the method. H.C. Chan and Y. K. Cheung
In the problem of settlement of bearing-wall structures, the strength of the wall is a main factor in defining a limit to the allowable settlement. Walls with openings are more susceptible to settlement problems. In these walls, cracks will start to develop in the ‘beams’ (between openings). Hence, the strength of a settling wall is a function of the flexural strength of its beams against in-plane bending. S.A. Abu-El-Magd and I.A. MacLeod