The Design of Westminster Station (Jubilee Line Extension)

Column or Beam Jack Kavanagh has written from Co. Kildare in Ireland: I write to try to clarify a difference in interpretation among some colleagues regarding design of cantilever columns. A lot of industrial warehousing here is constructed in precast concrete frames using fixed-base cantilever columns. BS 8110, section 3.8.4.1, states that columns design assumptions are as for beams (section 3.4.4.1).

Who can be a planning supervisor? The Construction (Design & Management) Regulations, 1994, place no restrictions on who may be appointed as a planning supervisor, provided they are competent to perform that function in relation to a particular project; indeed, the client may carry out the duties himiherself, provided that the person appointed has the necessary competence. However, the risk of sacrificing the objectivity that an independent planning supervisor brings to a project should not be overlooked.

Lime mortar was used extensively between the 15th and 18th centuries for bonding and surface dressing of masonry. Its supremacy as a building material continued until the late 19th century, when it was superseded by the arrival of Portland cement - and the availability of faster setting cement mortars and renders. Lachland McDonald