General Parametric Design Equations for SCFs in Steel, Multiplanar Tubular XT-Joints

Torsion in Steel Beams This has raised further comment. Bing Choy writes: I’m a user of BS 449 as my design code but face a problem in dealing with the estimation of the effective length that is required to calculate the permissible compressive strength that makes the beam not suffer from buckling.

For some time the tubular column has been a staple of the construction industry. However, in its form as a concrete-filled tubular steel composite column, it now has attributes of speed and efficiency which can give it important advantages in multi-storey construction. Andrew Orton

The paper covers the provision of two safety-related steel caissons to replace existing caissons (sliding steel gates) for the Ministry of Defence at Rosyth Royal Dockyard. It briefly describes the existing caissons, to set a framework for the stringent limitations imposed on the new caissons, and addresses the brief, procurement and safety case approval requirements. The design had to take into account the effects of all potential environmental hazards, and the paper covers the complexities of the seismic analysis, together with the other significant and often unique design issues that had to be overcome. G. Forsyth and A. Porteous