Confidential Reporting on Structural Safety (CROSS)

The majority of projects involve digging holes in the ground for basements, foundations or trenches. Obvious hazards are those of side collapse or water inundation – with potentially lethal consequences to people working at depth.

Letters this month include discussion on: Designing columns for fire resistance; the pioneer of portal frames; Raising the CM exam pass mark and SER Ltd.

Alasdair Beal imparts some extra information relating to the paper by Kollar, Csuka and Ther, published in the July 2014 issue of The Structural Engineer.