FROM THE TIME when men first ventured to use the sea as a means of communication, safe harbours have been as necessary as sound ships. At first, safe havens were used whenever nature provided them, the minimum requirement being shelter and ease of access with, if possible, convenient beaches to haul small craft out of the water. J. P. M. PANNELL
The erection of new buildings at Leeds University provided an opportunity for examining the behaviour of the building frame under load. Stress reductions in the steel frame due to concrete encasement were demonstrated by the work done at the Building Research Station and at Leeds University. The ‘composite’ behaviour of beams, floors and walls has been well covered both theoretically and experimentally in the above mentioned works. On the other hand, the behaviour of the encased columns has been less widely covered. This paper investigates the behaviour of the steel column not only as part of the framework but also as a separate unit. The tests carried out in both the field and the laboratory show beyond doubt that the design practice of the encased column needs serious revision on account of the very low stresses observed under working loads and of the relatively high loads that an encased column can carry when tested to failure. The very low stresses in steel under working load were explained by the use of the ordinary elastic theory of reinforced concrete. The laboratory tests up to failure showed that the use of the reduction coefficients based on the buckling formula given in BS 449 (1948 and 1959) gave very conservative results. It can be shown that closer agreement between calculated and actual failing loads can be obtained by using coefficients based on the buckling formula used in reinforced concrete design. Professor Royston Jones
We are in this country now well advanced in the progress of an educational revolution. A revolution of the British pattern proceeding by consent and with disagreements broadly confined to tactical issues. SIR PATRICK LINSTEAD
FOR A COUNTRY to remain prosperous and maintain a rising standard of living, steadily increasing efficiency in the whole national output is necessary; this is equally true of a profession and trade. F. M. BOWEN